Pomeranians, often known as Poms, are diminutive dogs belonging to the toy breed category. Weighing between 3 to 7 pounds, their fluffy coats and distinctive neck ruffs echo their spitz lineage. While they are friendly, Poms can sometimes be a bit bossy and vocal, making them unsuitable for everyone.
Homes with young children may not be the best environment for a headstrong Pom, but they usually get along well with older, calmer kids. With adequate training, these lively dogs can become loyal companions and even serve as effective watchdogs. Poms are known for their longevity, living up to 16 years.
Explore the Pomeranian’s history, care requirements, temperament, and more.
Breed Overview
- Group: Toy (American Kennel Club)
- Height: 6 to 7 inches
- Weight: 3 to 7 pounds
- Coat: Long double coat
- Coat Color: Various colors and combinations, with red, orange, cream, sable, black, brown, and blue being the most common
- Life Span: 12 to 16 years
- Temperament: Bold, alert, lively, affectionate
- Hypoallergenic: No
- Origin: Germany and Poland
Characteristics of the Pomeranian
Poms might be tiny, but they have a spirited and lively demeanor. These dogs are often quite vocal and make excellent watchdogs, although they might be too noisy for apartment living.
They generally form strong bonds with their families and may be loyal to one person. Despite their affectionate nature, Poms are not ideal for first-time dog owners.
| Trait | Rating |
|---|---|
| Affection Level | High |
| Friendliness | Medium |
| Kid-Friendly | Medium |
| Pet-Friendly | Medium |
| Exercise Needs | Medium |
| Playfulness | Medium |
| Energy Level | Medium |
| Trainability | Medium |
| Intelligence | High |
| Tendency to Bark | High |
| Amount of Shedding | Medium |
History of the Pomeranian
Originating from spitz-type sled dogs from Iceland and Lapland, the ancestors of the modern Pomeranian eventually made their way to Pomerania (now parts of Poland and Germany). Breeders in the region reduced their size significantly. The Pomeranian is the smallest of the spitz-type breeds, related to breeds like the Samoyed, Norwegian elkhound, and keeshond.
The breed’s popularity surged when British royalty, particularly Queen Victoria, took an interest in them. During the late 1800s, Queen Victoria’s preference for smaller Pomeranians further influenced the breeding patterns.
Historically, notable figures like Marie Antoinette and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart owned Pomeranians. Remarkably, two Pomeranians were among the three dogs who survived the Titanic sinking in 1912. The breed gained recognition in the United States in the early 20th century and was formally recognized by the American Kennel Club in 1888.
Pomeranian Care
Exercise
Pomeranians may be small, but they have medium energy levels and require regular physical activity, including daily walks and playtime. Ensure at least one hour of exercise per day, and allow them space to run freely. Puzzle toys are also beneficial for mental stimulation. Be cautious in hot weather to prevent overheating due to their thick coats.
Grooming
Their luxurious double coat requires maintenance. Brush their fur at least weekly, and more frequently during shedding seasons (spring and fall) to prevent mats and tangles. Regular baths (every 4-6 weeks) and ear cleanings are essential. Nail trimming, eye care, and dental hygiene are also crucial for their overall health.
Training
Moderately trainable but sometimes stubborn, Pomeranians need consistent training and early socialization. Start housetraining immediately and expose them to various environments to manage their tendency to bark at strangers. Proper training and socialization can help them get along with other pets and children, though caution is needed during rough play.
Common Health Problems
Pomeranians are generally robust but can be prone to:
- Luxating Patella: Kneecap displacement, causing limping and pain
- Collapsing Trachea: Narrowing or collapse of the windpipe, leading to breathing issues
- Hypothyroidism: Underproduction of thyroid hormones, leading to weight gain and lethargy
- Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Poor heart function affecting blood circulation
- Seizures: Various types and causes, marked by altered behavior and movements
- Progressive Retinal Atrophy: Genetic disease leading to blindness
- Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar, causing lethargy and disorientation
Diet and Nutrition
Pomeranians need a balanced diet suited to their size and energy levels. Typically, feeding small amounts two to three times daily can help manage their energy and prevent hypoglycemia. Consult with a veterinarian for specific dietary recommendations and monitor their weight, as even small fluctuations can be significant.
Where to Adopt or Buy a Pomeranian
Pomeranians can be costly, often around $1,000 or more for a puppy; dogs from champion bloodlines can be significantly pricier. Check local shelters and breed-specific rescue groups for adoptable Poms. Ensure you’re prepared for the commitment and care these spirited dogs require.
Consider these organizations for assistance in finding a reputable breeder or rescue:
- American Pomeranian Club
- Pomeranian Rescue
- Pom Squad Rescue
Pomeranian Overview
Pomeranians are adorable, intelligent, and affectionate little dogs. Yet, they demand considerable attention for socialization, training, and grooming. Weigh the pros and cons before welcoming a Pom into your home.
Pros of Pomeranians
- Good watchdogs
- Adaptable to small living spaces
- Energetic and loving
Cons of Pomeranians
- Sensitive to heat
- Not ideal for homes with young children
- Can be stubborn and loud
Further Research
Before deciding on a Pomeranian, conduct thorough research. Speak with other Pomeranian owners, consult reputable breeders, and rescue organizations to learn more about the breed.
Similar Breeds to Consider
- Brussels Griffon
- Papillon
- Yorkshire Terrier
There’s a wide variety of dog breeds out there, so take the time to find the perfect fit for your home and lifestyle.
FAQ
Are Pomeranians good family dogs?
Pomeranians can be easily injured by rough handling, so they’re generally better suited to families with older children who understand how to treat dogs gently.
Are Pomeranians friendly?
Yes, they are friendly and form strong bonds with their families. However, they can also be protective and wary of strangers.
Do Pomeranians bark a lot?
Yes, Pomeranians are quite vocal and have a high tendency to bark. While they can adapt to apartment living, their barking might disturb neighbors.